- PC - Buzz - 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z *

SAA = Systems Applications Architecture

IBM standard developed for the OS/2 Presentation Manager - a uniform system of windows, menus and dialogs
Windows 2- and Windows applications conform to this.

Indeholder SNA

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SAAL = Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer

>BICI SAAL

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SAM = Security Account Manager

in Windows NT Server

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SAN = System Area Network

 

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SAP = Service Access Point

Interface between layers in a protocol stack.
The point at which the services of an OSI layer are made available to the next higher layer. The SAP is named according to the layer providing the services: e.g., transport services are provided at a Transport SAP (TSAP) at the top of the Transport Layer.
> IDU, SDU, PDU, ICI

 

SAP = Service Advertising Protocol

Periodic broadcast by LAN device (Netware); filtered by FRADs to reduce overhead on access links. 

 

SAP = Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte - Systems, Applications, Products

Tysk softwarefirma som udvikler administrations-programmer (ERP) - bl.a. client/server suiten R/3 (til UNIX)

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SATA = Serial ATA

ATA med seriel bit-overførsel. 7-polet stik - 3 til stel.

SATA-150 : Max 150 MB/s ved 1500 MHz. Forventet 2002.
SATA-300 : Max 300 MB/s ved 3000 MHz.
SATA-600 : Max 600 MB/s ved 6000 MHz.

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SATAN = Security Analysis Tool for Auditing Networks

Released by Dan Farmer and Wietse Vinema in 1995 for free download - to test the network for vulnerability to hacker attack - described in the paper: Improving the Security of Your Site by Breaking into it

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Scanreg

DOS utility i Windows 95/98 - til sikkerhedskopiering og reparation af Registreringsdatabasen.
> SCANREG

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SCART = Syndicat francais des Constructeurs d'Appareils Radio et Television

En SCART-conector forbinder to AV-apparater - ofte TV og VCR. Stikket har 21 ben. Kablet har han-stik i begge ender. Overfører RGB-video signaler i begge retninger.

Kaldes også Euro-connecor.
>PAL

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SCC = Standards Counsil of Canada

Canadisk standardorganisation.

The Standards Council of Canada is the focal point for standardization and conformity assessment in Canada. They don’t develop standards or verify the conformity of products or services to standards, but accredit the organizations that do. They also approve National Standards of Canada, represent Canada in international standards forums, and serve as Canada’s best source for standards information.

www.scc.ca

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SCO = Santa Cruz Operations

makes the OpenServer UNIX

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script

• Client scripts consist of statements that appear on the HTML page. The script is executed by the browser either when the document is loaded, or in response to an event such as a button click.
• Server scripts consist of statements embedded in an .asp file. The script is executed by the Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) server when the page is requested by the browser but before the content is sent to the browser. Server scripts typically manage links between pages, process HTML forms, interact with databases, and so on.

 

[whatis]:

1. In computer programming, a script is a program or sequence of instructions that is interpreted or carried out by another program rather than by the computer processor (as a compiled program is).
   Some languages have been conceived expressly as script languages. Among the most popular are Perl, REXX (on IBM mainframes), JavaScript, and Tcl/Tk. In the context of the World Wide Web, Perl, JBScript, and similar script languages are often written to handle forms input or other services for a Web site and are processed on the Web server. A JavaScript script in a Web page runs "client-side" on the Web browser.
   In general, script languages are easier and faster to code in than the more structured and compiled languages such as C and C++ and are ideal for programs of very limited capability or that can reuse and tie together existing compiled programs. However, a script takes longer to run than a compiled program since each instruction is being handled by another program first (requiring additional instructions) rather than directly by the basic instruction processor.
2. A script is sometimes used to mean a list of operating system commands that are prestored in a file and performed sequentially by the operating system's command interpreter whenever the list name is entered as a single command.
3. Multimedia development programs use "script" to mean the sequence of instructions that you enter to indicate how a multimedia sequence of files will be presented (the sequence of images and sounds, their timing, and the possible results of user interaction).

 

> Javascript, PHP, VBScript, WSH
 

msdn.microsoft.com/scripting/ : Windows Script Technologies

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SCSI = Small Computer Systems Interface

Defined by X3T10 committee of ANSI
A non-device-specific communication bus for connecting devices to small computers.
Up to 7 (later 15 and 30) devices may be attached to one adapter - each device can include up to 8 logical drives.
Allows simultaneous communication with multiple devices
> ASPI, IDE, RAID

 

SCSI-1

max 5 MHz, 5 MBps

SCSI-2, Fast SCSI

max 10 MHz, 10 MBps

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SDA = SGML Document Access

> ICADD, SGML

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SDI = Single Document Interface

Et program, hvor kun ét dokument kan være åbnet ad gangen.
Fx er Access et SDI-program.
Sammenlign MDI.
 

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SDK = Software Development Kit

as supplied by Microsoft for Windows

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SDLC = Synchronous Data Link Control

- udviklet af IBM til SNA. Synkron bit-orienteret transmissions-protokol, som svarer til ISO's HDLC.
>  DLC

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SDRAM = Synchron DRAM

[whatis] : SDRAM is a generic name for various kinds of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) that are synchronized with the clock speed that the microprocessor is optimized for. This tends to increase the number of instructions that the processor can perform in a given time.

The speed of SDRAM is rated in MHz rather than in nanoseconds (ns). This makes it easier to compare the bus speed and the RAM chip speed. You can convert the RAM clock speed to nanoseconds by dividing the chip speed into 1 billion ns (which is one second). For example, an 83 MHz RAM would be equivalent to 12 ns.
> DDR, DIMM, ECC

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SDSL = Single line DSL, Symmetric DSL

 

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SDU = Service Data Unit

> SAP

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search engines

> AltaVista, Excite, HotBot, InfoSeek, Lycos, Magellan, Webcrawler, Yahoo!

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SEC = Single Edge Contact

Intel Pentium II cartridge - uses slot 1 on motherboard - contains CPU and level 1 and 2 caches

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SECAM = Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire

fransk analog TV-standard. 625 vandrette linier.

>NTSC, PAL

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segment

Data:

Del af en datastrøm: i OSI-modellen arbejder Transport-laget med segmenter

Netværk:

Fysisk: et kabel
Logisk: flere kabler sammenkoblet med en repeater
> bro

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Sektornet

Netværk for skoler etableret af Undervisningsministeriet

www.sektornet.dk
www.snet.uvm.dk

> BSC

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Sendmail

> SMTP

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SET = Secure Electronic Transactions

SET is a system for ensuring the security of financial transactions on the Internet. It was supported initially by Mastercard, Visa, Microsoft, Netscape, and others. With SET, a user is given an electronic wallet (digital certificate) and a transaction is conducted and verified using a combination of digital certificates and digital signatures among the purchaser, a merchant, and the purchaser's bank in a way that ensures privacy and confidentiality. SET makes use of Netscape's Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Microsoft's Secure Transaction Technology (STT), and Terisa System's Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP). SET uses some but not all aspects of a public key infrastructure (PKI).

Here's how SET works:
Assume that a customer has a SET-enabled browser such as Netscape or Microsoft's Internet Explorer and that the transaction provider (bank, store, etc.) has a SET-enabled server.

1. The customer opens a Mastercard or Visa bank account. Any issuer of a credit card is some kind of bank.
2. The customer receives a digital certificate. This electronic file functions as a credit card for online purchases or other transactions. It includes a public key with an expiration date. It has been digitally signed by the bank to ensure its validity.
3. Third-party merchants also receive certificates from the bank. These certificates include the merchant's public key and the bank's public key.
4. The customer places an order over a Web page, by phone, or some other means.
5. The customer's browser receives and confirms from the merchant's certificate that the merchant is valid.
6. The browser sends the order information. This message is encrypted with the merchant's public key, the payment information, which is encrypted with the bank's public key (which can't be read by the merchant), and information that ensures the payment can only be used with this particular order.
7. The merchant verifies the customer by checking the digital signature on the customer's certificate. This may be done by referring the certificate to the bank or to a third-party verifier.
8. The merchant sends the order message along to the bank. This includes the bank's public key, the customer's payment information (which the merchant can't decode), and the merchant's certificate.
9. The bank verifies the merchant and the message. The bank uses the digital signature on the certificate with the message and verifies the payment part of the message.
10. The bank digitally signs and sends authorization to the merchant, who can then fill the order.

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SFC = System File Check

Windows 95/98 utility

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SFM = Services For Macintosh

Windows NT Server file- and print-server support for Apple computer running AppleTalk on network

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SGML = Standard Generalized Markup Language

document structuring standard defined in 1986 by ISO (8879)
> HTML

www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/sdg/software/mosaic/websgml.sgml

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SHA = Secure Hash Algorithm

SHA was designed by NIST & NSA and is the US federal standard for use with the DSA signature scheme (nb the algorithm is SHA, the standard is SHS) it produces 160-bit hash values

SHA overview:

1. pad message so its length is a multiple of 512 bits
2. initialise the 5-word (160-bit) buffer (A,B,C,D,E) to (67452301,efcdab89,98badcfe,10325476,c3d2e1f0)
3. process the message in 16-word (512-bit) chunks, using 4 rounds of 20 bit operations each on the chunk & buffer
4. output hash value is the final buffer value

SHA is a close relative of MD5, sharing much common design, but each having differences
SHA has very recently been subject to modification following NIST identification of some concerns, the exact nature of which is not public current version is regarded as secure

www.cs.arizona.edu/xkernel/manual/subsection3_19_27.html

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SHARE

SHARE.EXE er ikke nødvendig i 386 enhanced (fordi VSHARE bliver indlæst automatisk)

The MS-DOS Share program (Share.exe) is not included in Windows 98. Share support is provided to all programs running under Windows 98, but programs that require share support cannot be run in MS-DOS mode under Windows 98.

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sharepoint

The name assigned (using UNC) to a shared resource (drive, directory, printer, ...) on a network.
in Windows 95, named in the dialog: Sharing..Shared As..Share Name - the default is the actual name
ex: on the server, c:\file\users may be shared and named userfiles
The files may then be accessed with \\server\userfiles
> Microsoft_Windows_95_networking_utilities_NET
> Microsoft_Windows_98_networking_utilities_Net Watcher

A driveletter (network drive) may be assigned (mapped) to a sharepoint:
if Z: is assigned to \\server\brugere, then Z:\helle\*.doc is \\server\brugere\helle\*.doc

A device name may be assigned to a sharepoint:
LPT1 = \\prntsrv\epson1
Standard print-output is now redirected from the local parallel-port to the remote printer.
This also works: COPY SOME.TXT LPT1
If a local printer is attached to LPT1, use LPT2
> NetBIOS name

Hidden sharepoints
(in Windows 98) - Created by appending a '$' to the sharename
- ex: c:\file\private may be named Invisible$
Hidden sharepoints do not appear in resource lists when users browse the network - but may be Run if you know the name - as \\Computer\Invisible$

 

SharePoint Portal Server

SharePoint Portal Server provides an easy way to create Web portals with integrated document management services and search capabilities. You can establish a central point of access to all your existing key business information and applications, as well as share information across file servers, databases, public folders, Internet sites, and SharePoint Team Services-based Web sites.

www.microsoft.com/sharepoint/server/default.asp
www.spsfaq.com/ : FAQ

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shareware

Program, som frit kan kopieres og afprøves i en angivet periode. Anvendelse ud over 'evaluerings-perioden' kræver betaling og licens.
>freeware, ophavsret

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SHDSL = Single-Pair High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line

SHDSL kan overføre 2,3 Mbit i sekundet over en normal telefonlinie. Hvis man sammenkobler to telefonlinier (bundling), kan hastigheden nå helt op på 4,6 Mbit i sekundet.

 
ITU har nu (maj 2001) vedtaget SHDSL som officiel international standard.

 
Den første SHDSL-router til kommer på markedet i juli 2001. Den kan sælges for omkring 5.000 kr.
SHDSL giver mange fordele i forhold til andre DSL-standard. SHDSL behøver ingen nye kabler og stiller minimale krav til det tekniske udstyr. Den høje hastighed på 2,3 Mbit i sekundet gælder i begge retninger, både downstream og upstream

 
>ADSL, DSL

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SHS = Secure Hash Standard

> SHA

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SHTML = Server-side include Hypertext Markup Language

[WhatIs]: A Web file with the suffix of ".shtml" (rather than the usual ".htm") indicates a file that includes some information that will be added "on the fly" by the server before it is sent to you. A typical use is to include a "Last modified" date at the bottom of the page.

 
This HTTP facility is referred to as a server-side include. (Although rarely done, the server administrator can identify some other file name suffix than ".shtml" as a server-side include file.) You can think of a server-side include as a limited form of Common Gateway Interface (CGI) application. In fact, the CGI is not used. The server simply searches the server-side include file for CGI environment variables, and inserts the variable information in the places in the file where the "include" statements have been inserted.)

 
When creating a Web site, a good idea is to ask your server administrator which environment variables can be used and whether the administrator can arrange to set the server up so that these can be handled. Your server administrator should usually be able to help you insert the necessary include statements in an HTML file.

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SHTTP, S-HTTP = Secure HTTP

Proposed security extension to HTTP (not the same as Netscapers HTTPS).
> SSL

www.terisa.com/shttp/

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SID = Secure IDentifier

 

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SIFT = Stanford Information Filtering Tool

Søgetjeneste til Usenet

sift.stanford.edu

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SIG = Special Interest Group

 

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SIM = Subscriber Identity Module

A smart card inserted into GSM phones that contains your telephone account information. It lets you use a borrowed or rented GSM phone as if it were your own. SIM cards can also be programmed to display custom menus on the phone's readout.
 

Abonnementsidentifikationsmodul. Er et kort, der bruges i en GSM-telefon. Kortet indeholder en mikrochip, som lagrer informationer og krypterer stemme- og datatransmissioner, så andre ikke kan lytte med på telefonsamtalerne. SIM-kortet lagrer også data, som identificerer den person, der foretager opkaldet, for netværkstjenesteudbyderen.

> TDM

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SIMD = Single Instruction Multiple Data

in Intel Pentium MMX - enables one instruction to operate on many pieces of data

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SIMM = Single Inline Memory Module

> DRAM memory modul for 32-bit data bus
SIMMs in pairs may be used for the 64-bit PCI data bus (Pentium systems)
> DIMM
30-pin
72-pin

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Simplex

Unidirectional communication (radio, tv)
> Duplex

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Sinclair

www.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/
www.cs.umd.edu/users/fms/comp/sys/Sinclair.html
emulation.net/sinclair/index.html

 

ZX81

The Sinclair ZX81 was the precursor to the ZX Spectrum. Released in 1981, it had 1K of RAM and 8K of ROM, which held BASIC; user input was through a membrane keyboard. Its major attraction was price-- fifty pounds.
CPU: Zilog Z-80

come.to/zx81
www.hh.schule.de/hhs/mjaap/zx81.htm
easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~stevemcd/zx81.htm
www.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/zx81.htm
www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/6416/zx81_old.html
www.honneamise.u-net.com/zx81/

Spectrum

 

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SkaFor

Dansk Forening for Skadesforsikring.
Skafor er den instans i Danmark, der står for klassificering af sikringsenheder. Klassificeringen angives i farverne GUL, GRØN, BLÅ og RØD, hvor RØD står for den højeste modstandsevne ved indbrudsforsøg.

www.tyverisikring.dk/skafor.htm
www.forsikringsoplysningen.dk/pu316.htm

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SkoDa = Skolernes Databaseservice

 

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SLDRAM = SyncLink DRAM

[webopedia] : a new type of memory being developed by a consortium of computer manufacturers called the SyncLink Consortium. SLDRAM is competing with Rambus memory (RDRAM) as the future PC memory architecture. But whereas actual RDRAM chips are already in use on video boards and other devices, SLDRAM is still on paper only. Moreover, Intel is backing RDRAM, which reduces the odds of SLDRAM becoming an important technology.
>DRAM

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SLIP = Serial Line Internet Protocol

A data link protocol that allows transmission of TCP/IP packets over dial-up telephone connections to the Internet (or other network). Does not support dynamic allocation of IP adresses
Bruges ved direkte modem-tilslutning til Internettet (UNIX).
> PPP er nyere og mere sikker (bedre)
> CSLIP

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Slot

> Socket

Slot 1

til Intel Pentium II (Klamath og Deschutes) og Celeron CPUer, som er monteret på en printplade.
Intel tillader ikke, at konkurrenter benytter denne sokkel.
Processoren sidder i en SEC-kassette

Slot 2

til Pentium II Xeon og Pentium III (Katmai og Cascades)

Slot M

til Intel Merced processorer

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SMART = Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology

Harddisk-funktion der kan rapportere fejl (høj temp., ujævn rotation, mm).
> ATA-3

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Smart Card

> X.25

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SMB = Server Message Block

Protocol in application-presentation layer (>OSI) used by Microsoft in small networks: LAN Manager and Windows for Workgroups
Used By Client for Microsoft Networks (Microsoft Windows). 
WWG, Win95 and NT uses SMB as the primary protocol to provide remote file and print services.

 

[whatis]: The SMB protocol provides a method for client applications to read and write to files on and to request services from server programs in a computer network. SMB can be used over the Internet on top of its TCP/IP protocol or on top of other network protocols such as IPX and NetBEUI.
Using the SMB protocol, an application can access files at a remote server as well as other resources, including printers, mailslots, and named pipes. Thus, a client application can read, create, and update files on the remote server. It can also communicate with any server program that is set up to receive an SMB client request.
Microsoft Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, and Windows NT all include client and server SMB protocol support. For UNIX systems, a shareware program, Samba, is available. The SMB protocol originated at Microsoft and has gone through a number of developments. A given client and server may implement different sets of protocol variations which they negotiate before starting a session.
Microsoft has offered a public or open version of SMB for the Internet >CIFS.

 

[techweb]: SMB: the networking protocol used in DOS, Windows and OS/2 networks that allows files and printers to be shared across the network. SMB originated with the NetBIOS protocol used in early DOS networks. SMB services are also available on UNIX servers, which enables Windows workstations to gain access to its files and printers.
The counterpart of SMB in the UNIX world is NFS (Network File System), which is known as a distributed file system. NetWare uses the NCP (NetWare Core Protocol) to perform these functions. SMB, NFS and NCP are all high-level protocols that provide open and close file and read and write functions as well as access control. They ride above the transport protocols (NetBEUI, TCP/IP, IPX/SPX), which manage the transfer. See CIFS, Samba, NFS and NCP.
 
> CIFS

samba.anu.edu.au/cifs/docs/smb-history.html : History of SMB Project
samba.anu.edu.au/cifs/docs/what-is-smb.html : Just what is SMB?
http://www.linktionary.com/s/smb.html

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SMDS = Switched Multi-megabit Data Service

Broadband public network service. Dual bus topology. 56 kbps - 34 Mbps

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smiley

:-)
:-|
:-(
[:] a robot
8-) wearing sunglasses

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S/MIME

Secure MIME - adds RSA encryption for secure transmission
> TrustedMime

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SMP = Symmetric MultiProcessor

as in Windows NT running the same kernel on several CPUs
> MP

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SMS = Systems Management Server

Microsoft_networks_servers

 

SMS = Short Message Service

til mobiltelefoner - kan sende/modtage små tekster, max 160 tegn. Kaldes også GSM-SMS.
>EMS, MMS

[WhatIs] SMS is a service for sending messages of up to 160 characters to mobile phones that use GSM communication. GSM and SMS service is primarily available in Europe. SMS is similar to paging. However, SMS messages do not require the mobile phone to be active and within range and will be held for a number of days until the phone is active and within range. SMS messages are transmitted within the same cell or to anyone with roaming capability. They can also be sent to digital phones from a Web site equipped with PC Link or from one digital phone to another.
 
SMS gateway - a Web site that lets you enter an SMS message to someone within the cell served by that gateway or that acts as an international gateway for users with roaming capability.

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SMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Protokol til transport af E-mail fra klienten til serveren.

Benytter IP port 25 (POP benytter port 110)

 

A TCP/IP protocol for sending messages from one computer to another in a network
- used on the Internet to route e-mail - used when client sends e-mail to mail-server.
SMTP is defined in RFC 821, with associated message format descriptions in RFC 822.

SMTP is a TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving e-mail. However, since it's limited in its ability to queue messages at the receiving end, it's usually used with one of two other protocols, POP3 or IMAP, that let the user save messages in a server mailbox and download them periodically from the server. In other words, users typically use a program that uses SMTP for sending e-mail and either POP3 or IMAP for receiving messages that have been received for them at their local server. Most mail programs such as Eudora let you specify both an SMTP server and a POP server.

On UNIX-based systems, sendmail is the most widely-used SMTP server for e-mail. A commercial package, Sendmail, includes a POP3 server and also comes in a version for Windows NT.

An alternative to SMTP that is widely used in Europe is X.400

> POP, MIME, SSMTP  

 

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smurfing

"Smurf" is the name of an automated program that attacks a network by exploiting Internet Protocol (IP) broadcast addressing and certain other aspects of Internet operation. Smurf and similar programs can cause the attacked part of a network to become "inoperable." The exploit of smurfing, as it has come to be known, takes advantage of certain known characteristics of the Internet Protocol (IP) and the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). The ICMP is used by network nodes and their administrators to exchange information about the state of the network. ICMP can be used to ping other nodes to see if they are operational. An operational node returns an echo message in response to a ping message.

 
A smurf program builds a network packet that appears to originate from another address (this is known as "spoofing" an IP address). The packet contains an ICMP ping message that is addressed to an IP broadcast address, meaning all IP addresses in a given network. The echo responses to the ping message are sent back to the "victim" address. Enough pings and resultant echoes can flood the network making it unusable for real traffic.
One way to defeat smurfing is to disable IP broadcast addressing at each network router since it is seldom used. This is one of several suggestions provided by the CERT Coordination Center.
 

www.cert.org/advisories/CA-98.01.smurf.html

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SNA = Systems Network Architecture

IBM 7-layer network protocol for mainframes (older than OSI). Indeholdt i SAA.
SNA depends on a reliable network. When any packet of data moves between nodes, it must be checked for errors and either accepted or retransmitted. Only after it has been accepted can it be sent on to the next node. To achieve this reliability, SNA depends on "connection oriented" protocols in the HDLC family

> APPC, APPN, Link Station, SDLC

SNA Server

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SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol

Internet standard protocol for nodes on IP network (TCP/IP)
Operates at application layer to collect and report statistics, status and configuration information.
Benytter IP-port 161.
> RMON
agent runs on nodes to collect and store info
manager requests and reports info - makes automated decisions

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socket

> slot

socket 7

sokkel til de første Pentium CPUer (P54 og P55 serierne)- og til AMD and Cyrix CPUer

socket 8

sokkel til Pentium Pro

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sockets

The application interface to a TCP/IP protocol stack.

[whatis]: Sockets is a method for communication between a client program and a server program in a network.
A socket is defined as "the endpoint in a connection." Sockets are created and used with a set of programming requests or "function calls" sometimes called the sockets application programming interface (API). The most common sockets API is the Berkeley UNIX C language interface for sockets.
Sockets can also be used for communication between processes within the same computer.

This is the typical sequence of sockets requests from a server application in the "connectionless" context of the Internet in which a server handles many client requests and does not maintain a connection longer than the serving of the immediate request:

socket()
|
bind()
|
recvfrom()
|
(wait for a sendto request from some client)
|
(process the sendto request)
|
sendto (in reply to the request from the client...for example, send an HTML file)

A corresponding client sequence of sockets requests would be:

socket()
|
bind()
|
sendto()
|
recvfrom()

Sockets can also be used for "connection-oriented" transactions with a somewhat different sequence of C language system calls or functions.

> Winsock

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SOCKS

[Techweb] (SOCKetS server) A proxy server that functions as a general-purpose TCP/IP proxy and handles any kind of traffic (HTTP, SMTP, FTP, Telnet, etc.). Major Web browsers support SOCKS, and OS/2 4.0 builds it into its TCP/IP stack, enabling all applications to use it.
 

[whatis]: Socks (or "SOCKS") is a protocol that a proxy server can use to accept requests from client users in a company's network so that it can forward them across the Internet. Socks uses sockets to represent and keep track of individual connections.
The client side of Socks is built into certain Web browsers and the server side can be added to a proxy server.
A socks server handles requests from clients inside a company's firewall and either allows or rejects connection requests, based on the requested Internet destination or user identification. Once a connection and a subsequent "bind" request have been set up, the flow of information exchange follows the usual protocol (for example, the Web's HTTP protocol).
 

www.socks.nec.com/whatissocks.html

 
SOCKS PROXY : an Internet proxy service. Benytter IP-port 1080.

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SoftArc

Software company - makes the groupware system FirstClass

www.softarc.com

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Solaris

Sun Microsystems UNIX

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SOHO = Small Office Home Office

 

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SONET = Synchronous Optical Network

A set of standards for transmitting digital information over optical networks. "Synchronous" indicates that all pieces of the SONET signal can be tied to a single clock.
Uses fiber optics to transmit voice, data and video at 1Gbps or more

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SPA = Software Publishers Association

 

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spam

Unsolicited e-mail (> UCE)
Relay: Mail hosts (servers) provide outgoing (SMTP) mail service for customers. Unprotected mail-servers will accept mail from any host and "relay" it to the appropriate destination. Spammers nearly always relay their junk mail through such an innocent third party. This makes it harder to block the spam and helps to hide its origin from novice users. It also allows a machine on a slow link (such as a modem dialup) to send a single message with hundreds or thousands of recipients, forcing the relay machine to do the bulk of the work.

www.lm.com/spam.html
www.wsrcc.com/spam/ : the WSRCC Spam Fighting Archives
www.thewebpages.com/articles/fighting_spam.asp : Fighting off SPAM
www.stalker.com/SIMS/AntiSpam.html : Anti-Spam
http://combat.uxn.com/  : UXN Spam Combat - A site that offers a number of free tools to help you determine where a spam email or URL originated
http://www.spamcop.net : SpamCop will parse the headers of unwanted email and phrase a complaint to the system administrator responsible for the spammer's internet access.
http://spam.abuse.net/  : A site that's been fighting spam since 1996. Lots of information here.

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SPAN = Space Physics Analysis Network

> NSI

---

spectrum

http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/osmhome.html :Office of Spectrum Management

>Hz, Sinclair Spectrum

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spoofing

A method of fooling access equipment into thinking a network connection is active even when it's not.
"Spoof" was a game invented in 1933 by an English comedian, Arthur Roberts.
Webster's defines the verb to mean (1) to deceive or hoax, and (2) to make good-natured fun of.

On the Internet, "to spoof" can mean:

1. To deceive for the purpose of gaining access to someone else's resources (for example, to fake an Internet address so that one looks like a certain kind of Internet user)
2. To simulate a communications protocol by a program that is interjected into a normal sequence of processes for the purpose of adding some useful function
3. To playfully satirize a Web site.

> IP spoofing, DNS spoofing, smurfing

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SPP = Standard Parallel Port

> LPT

> EPP, ECP

SPP = Sequence Packet Protocol

- in transport layer of XNS

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SPX

> IPX/SPX

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SQL = Structured Query Language

kodesprog til formulering af forespørgsler, som henter data fra databasetabeller - fx:

	SQL:		kommentar:
	SELECT KundeID, PostNr FROM Kunder WHERE PostNr=5000 ORDER BY KundeID		Hent data i felterne 'KundeID' og 'PostNr' fra tabellen 'Kunder' filtrereret med kriteriet 'PostNr=5000' Sortér efter 'KundeID'

> ODBC, QBE

 

SQL Server

 

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SRAM = Static RAM

- fast, expensive RAM - used in external level 2 cache.

[whatis] : SRAM is random access memory (RAM) that retains data bits in its memory as long as power is being supplied. Unlike dynamic RAM (DRAM), which stores bits in cells consisting of a capacitor and a transistor, SRAM does not have to be periodically refreshed. Static RAM provides faster access to data and is more expensive than DRAM. SRAM is used for a computer's cache memory and as part of the random access memory digital-to-analog converter on a video card.
>RAMDAC

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SSA = Serial Storage Architecture

 

SSA-IA = SSA Industri Association

www.ssaia.org

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SSH

SSH (Secure Shell) is a program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. It provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels. It is intended as a replacement for rlogin, rsh, rcp, and rdist.

www.ssh.net/ 
www.ssh.fi/sshprotocols2/

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SSI = Server Side Include

Muliggør dynamisk dannet indhold på HTML-sider
>ASP, CGI, SHTML

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SSL = Secure Sockets Layer

A protocol designed by Netscape Communications Corporation to provide secure, encrypted communications on the Internet. SSL is layered beneath application protocols such as HTTP, SMTP, Telnet, FTP, Gopher, and NNTP and is layered above the connection protocol TCP/IP. It is used by the HTTPS access method.

> HTTPS, PCT

developer.netscape.com/tech/security/ssl/protocol.html : Secure Sockets Layer
www.math.tau.ac.il/~sadov/net-html/index.html : SSL vs PCT

SSL 2

sitesearch.netscape.com/products/security/ssl/certformat.html : Netscape SSL 2.0 Certificate Format

SSL 3

home.netscape.com/eng/ssl3/index.html : SSL 3.0 SPECIFICATION

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SSLUG = Skåne Sjælland Linux User Group

> Linux

www.sslug.dk

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SSMTP = Secure Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

> SMTP

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ST = Security Target

A security target contains the IT security objectives and requirements of a specific identified TOE and defines the functional and assurance measures offered by that TOE to meet stated requirements. The ST may claim conformance to one or more PPs, and forms the basis for an evaluation.
> CC

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standardorganisationer, standards organizations

national

Australia	ACA
Canada	SCC
Denmark	DS
France	AFNOR
Germany	DIN
Norway	NSF
UK	BSI
US	ANSI

european

CEN, CEPT, ETSI

international

IEC, IETF, ISO, ITU (CCITT)

industri

ECMA, EIA, IEEE, Unicode

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star

star network

[MS-CD]: A LAN (local area network) in which each device (node) is connected to a central computer in a star-shaped configuration (topology); commonly, a network consisting of a central computer (the hub) surrounded by terminals.
>bus network, ring network.

active star
[MS-CD]: A form of the star network topology in which the central computer actively regenerates and retransmits all signals.

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StarLAN

> 1BASE5

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STD

- subseries of RFCs that specify Internet standards
1 - official list of Internet standards

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stjerne

>star

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STN = Super Twisted Nematic

LCD teknologi med farver - benævnes også 'passiv matrix'. Benytter en glasplade med et net af strømførende metaloxid-linjer, som står vinkelret på hinanden. Billedelementerne aktiveres med en svag strøm til de udvalgte linjer, som derved bliver synlige.
STN-skærme bliver efterhånden erstattet af TFT-skærme.
>DSTN

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STOA = Scientific and Technological Options Assessment

> COMINT, Echelon

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STP = Shielded Twisted Pair

max kabellængde: 100 m
max båndbredde: 500 Mbit/s
bruges til 16 Mbit/s Token Ring
kategori 7
> TP, UTP

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styresystem

= operativsystem (operating system). Software, som håndterer alle de grundlæggende funktioner i en computer:

• kommunikation med maskinens hardware: tastatur, mus, skærm, disk, printer, ...
•  

  kommunikation med brugeren: i moderne operativsystemer via en grafisk bruger-grænseflade (GUI).

• Starte/stoppe programmer og administrere deres brug af ressourcer: CPU-tid, disk-plads, RAM, port-adresser, IRQ

 

> DOS, MS-DOS, multitasking, NOS, UNIX, OS/2, Windows, Linux,  UNIX

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Sun Microsystems

> Java, Solaris

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SuperTelex

= Teletex

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SuperVGA, SVGA

Skærmopløsning defineret af VESA - med 800*600, 1024*768 punkter eller mere
>CGA, EGA, VGA

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SuSE : Gesellschaft für Software- und SystemEntwicklung mbH

"Company for Software- and System-Development Ltd"
On October 21st, 1998, the official name has been changed from "S.u.S.E." to "SuSE" (without the dots).
1992 : Burchard Steinbild, Hubert Mantel, Roland Dyroff and Thomas Fehr found SuSE as a Unix software consulting company. At the same time, they start using Linux, but the company was initially not founded to do it's business in the Linux market.
1993 : SuSE distributes SLS on floppy disks and offers support for it.
1994 : SuSE ships it's first Linux CD (SuSE Linux 1.0)
1995 : SuSE's first Linux CD (April '95) with the installation tool (YaST)
1995 : Florian LaRoche joins the team. Based on his Jurix distribution, SuSE starts the development of an own Linux distribution.
1996 : the first native SuSE Linux Distribution (SuSE Linux 4.2) hits the street.
1997 : SuSE LLC is founded in the USA to serve the american and non-european market.
1998 : SuSE GmbH converts to SuSE Holding AG stock corporation
1999 : SuSE München GmbH and SuSE Rhein/Main AG start business, SuSE Nuremberg is moving to bigger offices.

www.suse.de
www.suse.com

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SVD = Simultaneous Voice and Data

Med Digital SVD kan man bruge telefon og modem samtidigt.

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SVG = Scalable Vector Graphics

XML-based language for Web graphics from W3C.
 

A new graphics file format and Web development language based on XML. SVG enables Web developers and designers to create dynamically generated, high-quality graphics from real-time data with precise structural and visual control.
With this powerful new technology, SVG developers can create a new generation of Web applications based on data-driven, interactive, and personalized graphics.
 

www.adobe.com/svg/

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SVGA = Super VGA

>SuperVGA, VGA

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switch

En multiport "bro" med høj ydelse vha ASICs (hardware)
- segmenterer nettet - forbedrer ydelsen på nettet
Nogle porte kan have højere hastighed ("Fat Pipes") - fx vha fast ethernet, FDDI, CDDI eller ATM.
NB: overgang fra én hastighed til en anden kræver store-and-forward. Her kan ikke anvendes cut-through switching!

> repeater bridge, bro router

Cell-switch

i ATM

Frame-switch

i lokalnet. Arbejder på lag 2 (data link) - læser fysiske MAC-adresser (NB: nyere "lag-3 switche" forstår også IP-adresser)
2 typer:
- Store-and forward : samme metode som anvendes i broer - CRC check.
- Cut-through : læser kun headeren med adresser - hurtigt - ingen fejlkontrol
Refers to a method of Frame Switching where the switching device commences forwarding a frame after it has determined the destination port without waiting for the entire frame to have been received on the incoming port. Also known as on-the-fly switching.

Lag-3 switch

Arbejder på lag 3 (netværks-laget i OSI modellen). Normalt foregår databehandlingen her med software, men i en lag-3 switch benyttes hardware - det er hurtigere.

 

switching

'switch' betyder 'kontakt'. I netværk med flere brugere benyttes forskellige switching-metoder til at skabe kontakt mellem to brugere:
3 typer switching:
circuit switching / Kredsløbkoblet

Netværkskommunikation hvor en forbindelse oprettes og vedligeholdes så længe den bruges - derefter afbrydes forbindelsen igen - kan sammenlignes med et telefonopkald.
 

Switching system in which a dedicated physical circuit path must exist between sender and receiver for the duration of the "call". Used heavily in the phone company network.
> X.21 (Datex)

message switching / meddelelseskoblet

ingen fast forbindelse. Hver station på vejen lagrer hele meddelelsen (på disk) indtil der er plads på linjen til næste station ("Store and Forward"). Benyttes især til e-mail.
> X.400

packet switching / pakkekoblet

data opdelt i pakker med til-, fra-adresse og adresse på næste station på vejen. Pakkerne kan lagres i RAM. Pakker kan ankomme til modtager i anden rækkefølge end de blev sendt. Benyttes bl.a. på Internettet.
> X.25 (Datapak)

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SWOT = Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

The SWOT analysis is a simple tool that can be used to diagnose and identify potential growth opportunities for each goal and objective. A SWOT can be used for any of your goals and objectives. Once a SWOT has been completed, use the results in the "opportunities" section to develop your action plans. The "opportunity" box provides the greatest potential for growth by reinforcing strengths and addressing the weaknesses and threats.

www.apeo.org/guide/Form3.htm
SWOT ANALYSIS

> TOWS

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Symbian

The Symbian platform is licensed by Ericsson (MC218), Nokia, Matsushita, Motorola, Psion (Series 5MX), Sony and others for their next generation Smartphones and Communicators.

www.Symbian.com
Symbian Developer Network

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SysOp = System Operator

fx på BBS

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søgemaskine, søgerobot

Side på Internettet som tilbyder index-baseret søgning efter ord eller sætninger på et stort antal sider på Internettet.
>portal
 

Google, AllTheWeb, AltaVista, Kvasir
Portaler og Søgemaskiner
www.pce-web.dk/search/index.htm : Informationssøgning på World Wide Web - en beskrivelse af søgemaskineteknologi

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