Intel - Intel processorer og
chips
http://www.robotwisdom.com/linux/386.html
v CPU, Overdrive, Chipset
Intel CPU > CPU
www.intel.com/intel/museum/25anniv/hof/hof_main.htm
: Processor Hall of Fame
4004, 8080, 8086, 8088, 80186, 80286, 80386, 486, Pentium, Celeron
- 4004
- 8080
- 1974
- 8-bit registre
- 8 bit data, 16 bit addr: 64 k
- 8086
- 1978
- 29.000 transistors
- 16-bit registre
- 16 bit data, 20 bit addr: 1 Mb
- 5 volts
- IBM PS/2 25, 30
- 8088
- 1980
- MHz: 4,77 (0,33 MIPS) - 10
- 8 bit data access
- IBM PC (1981), XT, Portable, PCjr
- 80186
- 80286
- 1982
- 134.000 transistors
- MHz: 6, 8 (2 MIPS), 12 - 25
- 24 bit addr: 16 Mb
- multitasking, real/protected mode
- IBM AT (1984)
- 80386, 386DX
- 1985
- .38" x .38" = .97cm x .97cm
- 275.000 transistors
- MHz: 16 - 33 (11 MIPS) - 40
- 16/32-bit registre
- 32 bit data, 32 bit addr: 4 Gb
- Paged virtual memory
- DOS sessions in Virtual Machines running in Virtual 8086 mode - using
16-bit registers and 20-bit adresses.
With I/O Permission Bitmaps
- Four Privilege Levels (Rings) - Windows 95 use Level 0 (and 3) - Applications use
Level 3
- IBM PS/2 80
- 386SX
- 1988
- 16 bit data, 24 bit addr
- 486DX
- 1989
- .414" x .619" = 1.06cm x 1.58cm
- 1.200.000 transistors
- MHz: 25, 33, 50 (41 MIPS)
- 32 bit, 32 bit data, 32 bit addr
- Integreret math coprocessor (FPU)
- Integreret L1-cache: instruction/data mix
- Cache: 8 kb
- 486SX
- 1990
- MHz: 25-50
- no coprocessor (FPU)
- 486DX2
- 1992
- clock-doubled: 2 x 25 = 50 MHz, 2 x 33 = 66 MHz
- bus 33MHz: 66MHz
- 486DX4
- 1994
- 3.3 volts
- 1.6 M transistors
- L1cache 16k
- bus 25MHz: 75MHz
- bus 33MHz: 100MHz
- clock-tripled: 3 x 33 = 99 (100) MHz
- Pentium (P54) : MMX, Pro, II, Celeron, III
- marts 1993
- 3.100.000 transistors
- uses socket 7
- Adresse bus: 32 bit
- Data bus: 64 bit
- two instruction/integer pipelines
- L1cache (on CPU) 16k: instructions 8k, data 8k
- L2cache (on motherboard) optional: 512k-2M
- > AT, PCI
- bus 60MHz: 60MHz, too hot!
- bus 66MHz: 66MHz, too hot! (100+ MIPS)
- bus 50MHz: 75,100MHz
- bus 60MHz: 90,120,150MHz
- bus 66MHz: 100,133,166,200MHz
- NB: Regnefejl kunne forekomme i 5. ciffer ved bestemte flydende-komma-tal. Fejlen blev
rettet december 1994.
- Pentium MMX (P55C)
- 1997 - 1998/99
- > MMX, SIMD
- 4.5 million transistors
- L1cache 32k: instructions 16k, data 16k
- L2cache on motherboard
- bus 66MHz: 166, 200, 233MHz
- Pentium Pro
- 1995 - 1998
- 5.5 million transistors (+ 15 million in cache)
- Uses Socket 8
- RISC processor
- Optimized for 32-bit software - not good at 16-bit apps
- no MMX
- 3 pipelines
- L1cache 8k/16k (on CPU)
- L2cache (on CPU)
- 256k: bus 60MHz: 180MHz
- 256k: bus 66MHz: 150,200MHz
- 512k: bus 66MHz: 166,200MHz
- 1M: bus 66MHz: 200MHz
- Pentium II (Klamath, Deschutes)
- maj 1997 - jan 1999
- 7.5 million transistors, 0.35 µm
- with MMX
- Uses Slot 1
- improved 16-bit performance
- > SEC cartridge fits into slot 1 connector
- L1cache 32k, L2cache 512k
- > ATX, ECC
- bus 66MHz: 233, 266, 300, 333 MHz
- bus 100MHz: 350, 400 MHz
- Pentium II Xeon
- sommer 1998
- Uses Slot 2
- L2cache: 512, 1024k (3,2 GB/s)
- bus: 100 MHz
- 400, 450, 500 MHz
- Celeron Covington
- - 1998/99
- a 'Pentium II' without L2cache
- L1cache 32k: bus 66 MHz: 266, 300 MHz
- Celeron A
- aug 1998
- L2 cache: 128k
- bus: 66MHz: 300, 366 MHz
- Celeron Mendocino
- bus: 66, 100 MHz
- 300, 400 MHz
- Pentium III Katmai
- 0.25 µm
- MMX2 ('Katmai new Instruction Set') : faster 3D graphics
- bus: 100, 133 MHz
- 450, 500 MHz
- Pentium III Cascades
- Pentium III Coppermine
- 0.18 µm, Copper
- Uses Slot 2
- 533 MHz
- L2cache on motherboard
Overdrive
- CPU upgrade : OverDrive upgrade options
- > BIOS upgrade
- www.intel.com/overdrive/personal/odpfaq.htm
www.intel.com/overdrive/odpfaq.htm
- BIOS upgrade
- www.intel.com/overdrive/upgrade/bios
Chipset
- 430TX
- - [82439TX, 82371AB] UltraDMA
- 440LX
- - [82439LX, 82371AB] ACPI, AGP, BGA, UltraDMA
- 440BX
- UltraDMA