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Power

four DC voltages: ± 12 volt, ± 5 volt

PC bus

Address-bus: 20 bits: 1 MB
Data-bus: 8 bits

Used in original PC and XT (8088, 8086)

62 lines: A1-A31, B1-B31

5 : 4 voltages + 1 duplicated

3 : ground

8 : data bits (1 byte), Data Bus

20 : address bits (memory/port), Address Bus

2^20 = 1.048.576 = 1 MB (00000-FFFFF)

1 : bus busy/free, Control Bus

? : interrupt requests, - -

AT bus, ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)

Address-bus: 24 bits: 16 MB
Data-bus: 16 bits

Extends the PC bus

98 lines: 62 (PC bus) + 36 lines: C1-C18, D1-D18

62 : PC bus

8 : extra data bits: 16 bits total (32 bit CPUs transfer 2*16 bits)

4 : extra address bits: 24 bits total (80286, 80386SX)

2^24 = 16 MB (000000-FFFFFF)

5 : extra interrupt requests

Bus Speed: early 80286: 6 or 8 MHz (= CPU speed)

MCA (Micro Channel Architecture)

IBM PS/2 50, 60, 80

Data-bus: 16 bits

EISA (Enhanced ISA)

Data-bus: 32 bits: 2^32 = 4Gb (80386DX, 80486)

compatible with ISA cards

Local Bus Architecture

NB: ISA, EISA, MCA are the expansion bus

High speed connection between CPU and RAM at CPU clock speed and data width

Also used for CPU to video adapter data transfer

PCMCIA

Expansion boards

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)

can handle up to seven devices

controller electronis on disk drive

Disk controller kort

CR-ROM controller

> Disks / CD-ROM

IDE (Integrated Disk Electronics) controller

with controller electronis on the drive

will handle two IDE devices

Connector:

> Disks / Hard disk

Grafikkort

Lydkort

Line In: sampling af lyd fra extern kilde fx forstærker - lydfiler: .WAV, .VOC

Mic In: sampling via mikrofonindgang - svagere signal end Line In

Line Out: til extern forstærker

Speaker Out: til højttalere / hovedtelefoner - kraftigere signal end Line Out - forstærket af lydkortets indbyggede miniforstærker

Joystick interface (Game-port). På nye PCer sidder et tilsvarende stik ved LPT og COM stikkene
Lydkortets game-port kan benyttes som MIDI-interface

MIDI synthesizer - på lydkortet eller extern - kan spille .MID, .MUS filer med lyd-koder (fylder meget mindre end samplet lyd)

Modem